In case of sickness, it was hoped that giving additional names could result in healing.[12]. 2008), the list of names for 82 island species recorded from Lloyd Oovi in the 1970s, and more than 170 names for birds species in the North Slope Iñupiaq dialect (MacLean 2014). In the North Slope Iñupiaq dialect, dozens of bird species have different names in its three sub-dialects of Utkiabvik (Barrow), Point Hope, and Anaktuvuk Pass (MacLean 2014). I am grateful to Petr Aleinikov, Ann Fienup-Riordan, Eugene Hunn, Michael Krauss, and Nikolai Vakhtin for their insight to the original draft, and to Lisa Sheffield Guy, Helen James, Arkadii Savinetskii, Alexey Zimenko, and Roman Zlotin, who read it with the critical lenses of ornithologists. comm., June 2015, July 2015), which may also include local variations or dialectal differences. People born in the 1950s and 1960s constituted the first generation of Russian Yupik, who spoke primarily, if not exclusively, in Russian since they were children. OPARIN, Dmitrii A., 2013 “Pominal’nyi obriad aziatskikh eskimosov i sovremennoe ritual’noe prostranstvo Novogo Chaplino i Sirenikov” [Memorial rites of the Asiatic Eskimo and today’s ritual space in (the communities of) New Chaplino and Sireniki]. À l’époque où les ornithologistes et les linguistes ont compilé les premières listes de désignations vernaculaires des oiseaux, les Yupiit de Tchoukotka avaient à l’évidence perdu certaines couches de leur taxonomie traditionnelle pour les oiseaux, mais des éléments de celle-ci peuvent être reconstruits. However, their dictionary allows broad cross-cultural comparisons, thanks to the taxonomic (Latin) and English terms attached to each bird entry. Today, Chaplinski Yupik is an endangered language in Chukotka, where it is spoken by a few dozen people, almost all of them elderly.
Traditional versus scientific (biological) nomenclatures: How should we count? comm., April 2016) claims that the total number from all available sources is perhaps close to forty. The Yupik name for the Pacific loon (Gavia pacifica) cited by Portenko (1972, 1:50), thlqoˉ’-puk, is evidently poorly recorded version of melqupak, since these two species are practically undistinguishable.
The SLI Yupik bird vocabulary is also much richer in terms related to bird biology, body parts, bird groupings, as well as in cultural terms related to bird hunting and use. Like a guest, it should not get hurt or feel sad. Collecting Inuit Sea Ice Terminologies in the International Polar Year 2007–2008.”, KRUPNIK, Igor, 2016 “O lyudiakh, ptitsakh i narodnykh znaniiakh. 2016; Fay and Cade 1959; Portenko 1972–73; Tomkovich and Sorokin 1983; Winker et al. On the next whale migration (whales migrate twice a year, in spring to the north and in the autumn back), the previously killed whale is sent off back to the sea in the course of a farewell ritual. comm., October 2016). Indigenous lists often include names for birds that, according to biologists, are rare or not known to occur in certain dialect areas. Altogether, such traditional Yupik bird lexicon could have included 120 to 150 words, thanks to the wealth of synonyms, names for age-sex groups, and cultural terms. Instead, they develop a meticulous knowledge of birds of a particular home region, with dozens of species names but progressively thinning lists for neighbouring territories (see Nakashima 1991).
The three others are (Central) Siberian Yupik, spoken on St. Lawrence Island and in southeast Chukotka in Siberia, Naukan, formerly spoken at East Cape Siberia, and Alutiiq or Sugpiaq, spoken around Prince William Sound, the tip of the Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and the Alaska Peninsula. The general terms are heavily underrepresented, since the list lacks many Yupik words reported in other sources (Rubtsova 1971), such as yaquq, wing; siluk, feather; sugruk, beak; papekullutaq, (bird) tail; kaneq, down; puuvyaq, bird’s crop, sulungaq, chrest; qantaghhqwaq, egg shell; iintaquq-, to molt (for birds, see iingtaq,[1] molting bird). If the killed whale was pleased to (during its being a guest for a half year), then it can be hoped that it will return later, too: thus, also the future whale hunts will succeed. We do not have any Yupik bird lists to illustrate this stage, but we might use a suitable proxy: the current terminology for sea ice used by today’s Yupik hunters in Chukotka (Kalyuzhina et al. Furthemore, folk lexicons often include names for birds that do not exist in any scientific nomenclature. The hunter has to please the killed whale: it must be treated as a guest. W., Jenny BROWER, and Brandy MACY, 1993 “Checklist of Birds, Barrow, Alaska.” Accessed February 20, 2019. Construing the sequence of such documented baselines could be a valuable path to assess the dynamics of Indigenous knowledge systems and to track indicators and phases of language and knowledge shift. (R, P, V–E), ман’а:к’//maangaq (see unglun // nest with eggs (V–E), мытх’а́к//metghaq (see also taagra) //1) common eider // Somateria molissima L. 2) common eider female (R, P, V–E), мыты́х’лъюк//meteghlluk// common raven// Corvus corax L. (R,P, V–E), наг’у́я//naghuya //1) glaucous gull // Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus 2) herring gull (see naghuyapik) // Larus argentatus Pontoppidan 3) slaty-backed gull // Larus schistisagus Stejneger (R, P, V–E), наг’уя:г’а́к’//naghuyaaghaq (see also ugraaq) // herring gull chick (R), наг’у́япик//naghuyapik (see also naghuya)//herring gull//Larus argentatus Pontoppidan (R, V–E), нан’к’wа́лык//nangqwalek // yellow-billed loon // Gavia adamsii Gray (P, V–E), н’и:к’ак’//ngiikaq, ngiiqaq // bean goose // Anser fabalis Latham (R), н’ылък’а́г’ак’//ngellqaghaq // cormorant chick, н’ылък’а́к’//ngellqaq // pelagic cormorant // Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas (R, P,V–E), пагру́г’ак’//pagrughaq // horned puffin // Fratercula corniculata Naumann (R, P, V–E), папы́хпальюк’//papeggpalluq // white wagtail // Motacilla alba L. (R, V–E), сывы́йыг’ак’//seveyiighaq // seagull chick, сюг’мы́г’ак’//sughmeghaq // phalarope (any species) // Phalaropus sp.
2016). These lists are compared to bird nomenclatures of other Indigenous people—the Chukchi, …
by drum music, good foods). 2011). It eventually leads to a process that linguists call “language shift” (Fishman 1991; Vakhtin 2001).
In the language of Chaplino Eskimos, its name was /məŋtˈtəʁaq/. Siberian Yupik is a cluster of related Indigenous languages and dialects within the Yupik branch of the Esko-Aleut family (Dorais 2010; Krauss 1971; Krupnik and Chlenov 1979; Rubtsova 1971), spoken in several communities in the southeastern Chukotka Peninsula, Russia, and on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Tradition says that the smallpox spirit changed from a woman to a red bull when she was attacked.
Besides Bogoslovskaya and Ainana’s list, we have three other sources for the names of birds in the Siberian Yupik (Chaplinski) language. [9], It is thought that during the hunt only those people who have been selected by the spirit of the sea could kill the whale.
I thank you all. The North Slope Iñupiaq dialect has words for seven species of owls, whereas ornithologists are aware of only three species that inhabit the North Slope area or visit it seasonally.
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